Does the law that makes personally identifiable arrest information a public record apply to the arrest of a person who is 16-or 17-years-old and charged with a Class A – E felony? This is the most common question I have received since the law of juvenile jurisdiction changed on December 1, 2024. Beginning with offenses committed on that date, Class A – E felonies committed at ages 16 and 17 fall under original criminal jurisdiction. G.S. 7B-1501(7)b.2. That means that these cases are now criminal cases from their inception. At the same time, the youth involved fall under the definition of juvenile in the Juvenile Code. G.S. 7B-1501(17). This leaves many people wondering which law applies—the public records law about law enforcement arrest records or the Juvenile Code provisions about the confidential nature of law enforcement records and files concerning juveniles?
The Public Nature of Arrest Records
Law enforcement records of criminal investigations are generally not public records. G.S. 132-1.4(a). However, some personally identifiable information about a person who is arrested, charged, or indicted is explicitly designated as a public record. G.S. 132-1.4(c). This includes the name, sex, age, address, and employment of the person along with information about the alleged violation of law. Details about the arrest are also designated as a public record under the same statute. This includes the time and place of the arrest; whether resistance, possession or use of weapons, or pursuit were involved in the arrest; and a description of any items seized in connection with the arrest.
The Confidential Nature of Law Enforcement Delinquency Records
One fundamental difference between the law that governs criminal matters and the law that governs juvenile delinquency matters is the privacy that is afforded law enforcement records of juvenile matters. “All law enforcement records and files concerning a juvenile” must be kept separate from adult records and files and withheld from public inspection. G.S. 7B-3001(b). The statute includes a list of people who can examine and make copies of juvenile law enforcement records. Anyone not on that list can only access the juvenile records if the court allows that access through a court order. There is no provision that mirrors the criminal law’s explicit designation of certain arrest information as a public record.
Which Cases are Covered by the Juvenile Code Provisions?
Some have asked if the Juvenile Code provisions apply to the now criminal arrest records of minors. The question revolves around who counts as a juvenile under the language of G.S. 7B-3001(b). According to G.S. 7B-1501(17), a juvenile is “any person who has not reached the person’s eighteenth birthday and is not married, emancipated, or a member of the Armed Forces of the United States.” The Juvenile Code also includes a different definition for a delinquent juvenile. G.S. 7B-1501(7). That definition narrows the broader definition of juvenile to include minors who commit certain offenses at specific ages. Which juveniles are protected under the Juvenile Code provisions that provide confidentiality for law enforcement records and files concerning a juvenile? There are two important pieces of law to consider in answering that question.
1. The Plain Language of the Juvenile Code
The Juvenile Code confidentiality provision regarding law enforcement records and files concerning juveniles is contained in Article 30 of Chapter 7B of the General Statutes. Article 30 is titled “Juvenile Records and Social Reports of Delinquency and Undisciplined Cases.” The specific statutory provision that provides for the confidentiality of juvenile law enforcement records and files begins with a carveout for cases that are transferred to superior court. G.S. 7B-3001(b). The carveout provides that the Juvenile Code confidentiality protections apply to all law enforcement records and files concerning a juvenile “[u]nless jurisdiction of the juvenile has been transferred to superior court.” Therefore, once a case moves from original juvenile jurisdiction to the criminal jurisdiction of the superior court the law enforcement record confidentiality provisions of the Juvenile Code no longer apply.
Both the title of Article 30 and the carveout for cases transferred to superior court suggest that only juveniles who are subject to juvenile court jurisdiction are included in the Juvenile Code confidentiality provisions related to law enforcement records.
2. Existing Caselaw Regarding Juvenile Interrogation
There is one case in which provisions of the Juvenile Code were applied to all juveniles, including those who are subject to original criminal jurisdiction. In State v. Fincher, 309 N.C. 1 (1983), The Supreme Court of North Carolina held that the meaning of juvenile for the purpose of the enhanced right to have a parent, guardian, or custodian present during a custodial interrogation applies to all minors who fit within the general Juvenile Code definition of juvenile instead of the narrower definition of juveniles who are subject to delinquency jurisdiction.
The Fincher decision was based on language contained in the Juvenile Code before Chapter 7B was created to separate child welfare and delinquency and undisciplined law into two distinct subchapters. S.L. 1998-202. However, the statutory language analyzed in Fincher remains largely the same in the current provisions of the Juvenile Code. That language included text that introduces the statutory definitions and stated “[u]nless that context clearly requires otherwise, the following words have the listed meanings…” G.S. 7A-517. That same introductory language appears ahead of the current definitions of juvenile and delinquent juvenile in G.S. 7B-1501. The court in Fincher determined that the statutory context for enhanced interrogation protections did not “require, nor even suggest, a different interpretation” other than that the meaning of juvenile for the purposes of the enhanced interrogation rights applies to all people who fit the broader definition of juvenile. Fincher at 11.
As described above, there is context within G.S. 7B-3001(b) to suggest that the legislature did not intend for law enforcement record confidentiality to apply to cases in which people under the age of 18 are being tried as adults. It therefore appears that the reasoning in Fincher would not extend to the meaning of juvenile in the context of juvenile law enforcement record confidentiality.
Practice Prior to Raise the Age
It is also instructive to revisit the practice that was in place before original jurisdiction for these cases was shifted to juvenile jurisdiction in 2019. S.L. 2017-57, §16D.4.(a). Prior to implementation of raise the age, all offenses committed at ages 16 and 17 were under original criminal jurisdiction. Those cases sat in the same original jurisdictional legal space as current Class A – E felonies committed at ages 16 and 17. The Juvenile Code included the same juvenile law enforcement record confidentiality provisions as the current provisions. A quick search of pre-raise the age news shows that the arrest records of minors who fell under original criminal jurisdiction were treated as public records and not as juvenile law enforcement records that fell under G.S. 7B-3001(b). See, e.g. https://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/crime/article139077843.html and https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nc/charlotte/news/2018/04/10/16-year-old-arrested-and-charged-with-murder-in-high-point.
Conclusion
Given the plain language and context of the statute as well as prior practices under the same legal structure, it appears that the juvenile law enforcement record confidentiality provisions do not apply to the arrest records of minors who are arrested for Class A – E felonies at the ages of 16 and 17 and are under criminal jurisdiction. This returns the law and practice to what existed before raise the age.
Hello, sobat pengemar slots Pernah mendengar semboyan “raja slot? Kalau tidak, siap-siap jatuh cinta sama program ini. slot demo adalah mesin slots yang sering memberi kemenangan. Yup, slot-slot ini bisa dikatakan adalah jagoannya tuk bawa pulang hasil. any way, gimana sih caranya nemuin slot gaco yang tepat? Santai Bro, kita beri santai aja di tempat ini
Permainan terpercaya saat ini satu-satunya berada Indonesia hanya di pasti menyediakan return terbesar
Daftar di:
Informasi mengenai KING SLOT, Segera Daftar Bersama king selot terbaik dan terpercaya no satu di Indonesia. Boleh mendaftar melalui sini king slot serta memberikan hasil kembali yang paling tinggi saat sekarang ini hanyalah KING SLOT atau Raja slot paling gacor, gilak dan gaco saat sekarang di Indonesia melalui program return tinggi di kingselot serta pg king slot
slot demo gacor
slot demo gacor permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama kdwapp.com
akun demo slot gacor
akun demo slot gacor permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama kdwapp.com
akun slot demo gacor
akun slot demo gacor permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama kdwapp.com
akun demo slot pragmatic
akun demo slot pragmatic permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama kdwapp.com
akun slot demo pragmatic
akun slot demo pragmatic permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama kdwapp.com
akun slot demo
akun slot demo permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama kdwapp.com
akun demo slot
akun demo slot permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama kdwapp.com
slot demo gacor
slot demo gacor permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama jebswagstore.com
akun demo slot gacor
akun demo slot gacor permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama jebswagstore.com
akun slot demo gacor
akun slot demo gacor permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama jebswagstore.com
akun demo slot pragmatic
akun demo slot pragmatic permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama jebswagstore.com
akun slot demo pragmatic
akun slot demo pragmatic permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama jebswagstore.com
akun slot demo
akun slot demo permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama jebswagstore.com
akun demo slot
akun demo slot permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama jebswagstore.com
slot demo gacor
slot demo gacor permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama demoslotgacor.pro
akun demo slot gacor
akun demo slot gacor permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama demoslotgacor.pro
akun slot demo gacor
akun slot demo gacor permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama demoslotgacor.pro
akun demo slot pragmatic
akun demo slot pragmatic permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama demoslotgacor.pro
akun slot demo pragmatic
akun slot demo pragmatic permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama demoslotgacor.pro
akun slot demo
akun slot demo permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama demoslotgacor.pro
akun demo slot
akun demo slot permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama demoslotgacor.pro
slot demo gacor
slot demo gacor permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama situsslotterbaru.net
akun demo slot gacor
akun demo slot gacor permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama situsslotterbaru.net
akun slot demo gacor
akun slot demo gacor permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama situsslotterbaru.net
akun demo slot pragmatic
akun demo slot pragmatic permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama situsslotterbaru.net
akun slot demo pragmatic
akun slot demo pragmatic permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama situsslotterbaru.net
akun slot demo
akun slot demo permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama situsslotterbaru.net
akun demo slot
akun demo slot permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama situsslotterbaru.net
situs slot terbaru
situs slot terbaru permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama situsslotterbaru.net
slot terbaru
slot terbaru permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama situsslotterbaru.net
asn88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama asn88.net
anjir88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama anjir88.asia
albaslot88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama albaslot88.asia
air88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama air88.bio
air88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama air88.asia
vavaslot888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama vavaslot888.org
vavaslot888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama vavaslot888.net
oborslot888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama oborslot888.org
oborslot888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama oborslot888.net
duniaslot777 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama duniaslot777a.org
ayukbet88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama ayukbet88.org
ayukbet88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama ayukbet88.net
j888slot permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama j888slot.org
klikdewa88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama klikdewa88.net
klikdewa88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama klikdewa88.com
klikbet777 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama klikbet777.info
klikbet777 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama klikbet777.asia
gemoyslot999 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama gemoyslot999.net
seroja888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama seroja888.net
seroja888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama seroja888.com
hoka88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama hoka88.asia
dutaslot88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama dutaslot88.com
buaya88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama buaya88.asia
buaya777 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama buaya777.asia
zonavegas88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama zonavegas88.net
tongtoto88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama tongtoto88.org
tongtoto88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama tongtoto88.net
sista999 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama sista999.org
mbokslot88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama mbokslot88.org
mbokslot88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama mbokslot88.net
pg king slot permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama pgkingslot.org
holywing88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama holywing88.asia
bolagila88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama bolagila88.asia
dewalive88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama dewalive88.biz
kputoto888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama kputoto888.net
vio777 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama vio777.asia
nix777 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama nix777.net
nego88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama nego88.net
nego777 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama nego777.com
marjan899 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama marjan899.com
marjan888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama marjan888.com
gcr88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama gcr88.org
bosku77 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama bosku77.asia
gaco88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama gaco88.asia
dijual88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama dijual88.com
dijual88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama dijual88.net
saritoto88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama saritoto88.com
gege888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama gege888.net
exa88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama exa88.org
dower888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama dower888.org
bos888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama bos888.info
badabest888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama badabest888.com
ayamjago888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama ayamjago888.net
vviavi88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama vviavi88.com
sydneycuan88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama sydneycuan88.com
gotocuan88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama gotocuan88.com
bank88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama bank88.asia
agenplay888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama agenplay888.com
satelittogel88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama satelittogel88.net
hiutoto88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama hiutoto88.net
hiutoto88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama hiutoto88.com
kedai88slot permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama kedai88slot.biz
nova12 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama nova12.net
piktoto88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama piktoto88.net
zeuswin888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama zeuswin888.com
zoom88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama zoom88.info
asg88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama asg88.org
azkabet88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama azkabet88.net
becak88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama becak88.biz
besitoto88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama besitoto88.com
bethoki88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama bethoki88.biz
bibit88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama bibit88.biz
bibit88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama bibit88.info
bolago888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama bolago888.net
boswin777 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama boswin777.biz
cafe88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama cafe88.info
cinta88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama cinta88.biz
coki888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama coki888.com
cumi88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama cumi88.com
cumitoto permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama cumitoto.com
darma888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama darma888.org
dewagacor888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama dewagacor888.net
engkol888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama engkol888.info
garasislot88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama garasislot88.biz
harumtoto permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama harumtoto.org
indo788 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama indo788.net
jenitoto permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama jenitoto.com
joker18 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama joker18.net
juliet88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama juliet88.net
jumbototo88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama jumbototo88.com
kaostogel88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama kaostogel88.net
kaskus88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama kaskus88.biz
kawin777 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama kawin777.biz
kinggacor88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama kinggacor88.com
koboislot88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama koboislot88.net
kputoto88 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama kputoto88.net
ribo888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama ribo888.biz
kripto888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama kripto888.biz
lebah77 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama lebah77.asia
lebah7777 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama lebah7777.com
legend888 permainan paling top dan garansi imbal balik hasil besar bersama legend888.info